Organización y vida religiosa en la Orden de Alcántara desde sus orígenes hasta su incorporación a la Corona.

Sin resume

La Orden de Alcántara y el papado durante la Edad Media según la documentación pontificia (primera parte)

The author offers his first researches about the medieval holdings of the order of Alcántara that are mainly located in the Vatican Archives, in the Spanish Academy of History and in the National Library in Madrid. In this first part he also exposes his historical conclusions about the origins of the order and its relationship with the papal jurisdiction.El autor de este artículo ofrece los primeros resultados de su investigación sobre los fondos medievales referidos a la orden de Alcántara que se conservan, principalmente, en los Archivos Vaticanos, en la Real Academia de la Historia y en la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid. En esta primera entrega expone, asimismo, sus conclusiones históricas, a la luz de la documentación pontificia, acerca de los orígenes de la orden y las relaciones de la misma con la jurisdicción papal

La Orden de Alcántara durante la Edad Media según la documentación pontificia: sus relaciones institucionales con las Diócesis, el Císter, otras Órdenes Militares y la Monarquía (segunda parte)

The author offers his first researches about the medieval holdings of the Order of Alcántara that are mainly located in the Vatican Archives, in the Spanish Academy of History and in the National Library in Madrid. In this second part he exposes his historical conclusions—according to the papal documentation—about the relationship of the Order of Alcántara with the episcopal jurisdiction, the Order of Cîteaux, others Military Orders and the Monarchy.El autor da a conocer los primeros resultados de su investigación sobre los fondos medievales referidos a la orden de Alcántara que se conservan, principalmente, en los Archivos Vaticanos, la Real Academia de la Historia y la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid. En esta segunda entrega expone sus conclusiones históricas, a la luz de la rica documentación pontificia, acerca de las relaciones de dicha orden con las diócesis circundantes, el Císter, otras órdenes militares y la monarquía

Treatment and Valorisation of Saline Wastewater: Principles and Practice

This book covers the principles and practices of processes and technologies applied for the treatment of saline wastewater with discharge and reuse purpose, and those applied for its valorisation. Saline wastewater was considered to present electrical conductivities over 2 mS/cm, which is the limit for crop irrigation. Saline wastewater management is described with respect to: Basics about salinity characterisation and environmental impact; Effects of salinity on the wastewater physical-chemical treatments; Effects of salinity on biological treatment processes; Valorisation of saline wastewater for energy and materials production; Technologies for saline wastewater treatment and salt recovery; Urban and industrial saline wastewater treatment. Treatment and Valorisation of Saline Wastewater includes two case studies evaluating the treatment of the effluents from a fish cannery and from a WWTP with seawater intrusions in the collecting system. This book is intended as a text reference book for post-graduate, PhD students and researchers interested in the effects of salinity on the wastewater treatment and valorisation processes. It also serves as a reference text for professionals working in the industrial and urban wastewater sector that deal with saline wastewaterThe elaboration of this book in the USC was supported by the Spanish Government (AEI) through the TREASURE project [CTQ2017-83225-C2-1-R] co-funded by FEDER (UE) and, in the UAI, by the Chilean Government through the Projects FONDECYT 1200850 and CRHIAM Centre grant number ANID/FONDAP/ 15130015. Anuska Mosquera Corral and Ángeles Val del Río belong to the Interdisciplinary Research Center in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS) and to a Galician Competitive Research Group (GRC), the latter programme cofunded by FEDER (UE) as wel

Treatment and Valorisation of Saline Wastewater

This book covers the principles and practices of processes and technologies applied for the treatment of saline wastewater with discharge and reuse purpose, and those applied for its valorisation. Saline wastewater was considered to present electrical conductivities over 2 mS/cm, which is the limit for crop irrigation. Saline wastewater management is described with respect to: Basics about salinity characterisation and environmental impact Effects of salinity on the wastewater physical-chemical treatments Effects of salinity on biological treatment processes Valorisation of saline wastewater for energy and materials production Technologies for saline wastewater treatment and salt recovery Urban and industrial saline wastewater treatment Treatment and Valorisation of Saline Wastewater includes two case studies evaluating the treatment of the effluents from a fish cannery and from a WWTP with seawater intrusions in the collecting system. This book is intended as a text reference book for post-graduate, PhD students and researchers interested in the effects of salinity on the wastewater treatment and valorisation processes. It also serves as a reference text for professionals working in the industrial and urban wastewater sector that deal with saline wastewater

Enhanced ammonia removal at room temperature by pH controlled partial nitrification and subsequent anaerobic ammonium oxidation

This is the post-print reviewed version of the following article: U. Durán, A. Val del Río, J.L. Campos, A. Mosquera-Corral & R. Méndez (2014) Enhanced ammonia removal at room temperature by pH controlled partial nitrification and subsequent anaerobic ammonium oxidation, Environmental Technology, 35:4, 383-390, DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.829110, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2013.829110. This article may be used for non-commercial purposesThe Anammox based processes are suitable for the treatment of wastewaters characterized by a low carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio. The application of the Anammox process requires the availability of an effluent with a NO2--N/NH4+-N ratio composition around 1 g·g-1, which involves the necessity of a previous step where the partial nitrification is performed. In this step the inhibition of the nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) is crucial. In the present work a combined partial nitrification-Anammox two units system operated at room temperature (20 ºC) has been tested for the nitrogen removal of pre-treated pig slurry. To achieve the successful partial nitrification and inhibit the NOB activity different ammonium/inorganic carbon (NH4+/IC) ratios were assayed from 1.19 to 0.82 g NH4+-N·g-1 HCO3-C. This procedure provoked a decrease of the pH value to 6.0 to regulate the inhibitory effect over ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) caused by free ammonia (FA). Simultaneously the NOB experienced the inhibitory effect of free nitrous acid (FNA) which avoided the presence of nitrate in the effluent. The NH4+/IC ratio which allowed the obtaining of the desired effluent composition (50% of both ammonium and nitrite) was of 0.82±0.02 g NH4+-N g-1 HCO3--C. The Anammox reactor was fed with the effluent of the partial nitrification unit containing a NO2--N/ NH4+-N ratio of 1 g·g-1 where a nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 0.1 g N·L-1·d-1 was efficiently removedThis work was supported by CONACyT-México economic support [grant number 147817]; Xunta de Galicia [grant number10MDS265003PR]S

Biomass aggregation influences NaN3 short-term effects on anammox bacteria activity

The main bottleneck to maintain the long term stability of the partial nitritation-anammox processes, especially those operated at low temperatures and nitrogen concentrations is the undesirable development of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). When this occurs, the punctual addition of compounds with the capacity to specifically inhibit NOB without affecting the process efficiency might be of interest. Sodium azide (NaN3) is an already known NOB inhibitor which at low concentrations does not significantly affect the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) activity. However, studies about its influence on anammox bacteria are unavailable. For this reason the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of NaN3 on the anammox activity. Three different types of anammox biomass were used: granular biomass comprising AOB and anammox bacteria (G1), anammox enriched granules (G2) and previous anammox granules disaggregated (F1). No inhibitory effect of NaN3 was measured on G1 sludge however the anammox activity decreased in the case of G2 and F1. Granular biomass activity was less affected (IC50 90 mg/L, G2) than flocculent one (IC50 5 mg/L, F1). Summing up not only the granular structure protects the anammox bacteria from the NaN3 inhibitory effect but also the AOB act as a barrier decreasing the inhibitionThe authors want to thank the Pioneer_STP (ID 199) project funded by the WaterWorks2014 Cofunded Call (Water JPI/Horizon 2020). This work was also funded by the Spanish Government through FISHPOL (CTQ2014-55021-R) and GRANDSEA (CTM2014-55397-JIN) projects co-funded by FEDER. The authors from the USC belong to CRETUS (AGRUP2015/02) and the Galician Competitive Research Group (GRC 2013-032), programs co-funded by FEDER. The authors want to thank FCC Aqualia for the ELAN® biomass samplesS

Stability of aerobic granular biomass treating the effluent from a seafood industry

This is the pre-print previous reviewed version of the following article: Val del Rio, A., Figueroa, M., Mosquera-Corral, A., Campos, J. L., & Mendez, R. (2013). Stability of Aerobic Granular Biomass Treating the Effluent from A Seafood Industry. International Journal of Environmental Research, 7(2), 265-276, which has been published in final form at https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_606_0.html. This article may be used for non-commercial purposesThe aerobic granular systems represent a good alternative to substitute the conventional activated sludge process in the treatment of industrial effluents due to the lower surface requirements. In this work the effluent from a seafood industry, characterized by a high variability and the presence of residual amounts of coagulant and flocculant reagents, was used to study the development of aerobic granular biomass and its stability. In a first stage with OLRs between 2 and 5 kg CODS/m3∙d the development of aerobic granular biomass was promoted with good physical properties: SVI of 35 mL/g TSS, density of 60 g VSS/Lgranule and average diameter of 2.8 mm. In a second stage the continuous change in the OLR applied from 3 to 13 kg CODS/m3∙d, to simulate the real conditions of the industry, showed that the removal of organic matter was not affected (90%) but the aerobic granules disintegrated. The maximum OLR treated in the system without granules disintegration was around 4.4 kg CODS/m3∙d. The nitrogen removal was 30% (for biomass assimilation) and the maximum ammonia removal was around 65% and depending on the solids retention time, the free ammonia concentration and the average granule diameterThis work was funded by the Spanish Government (TOGRANSYS CTQ2008-06792-C02-01, NOVEDAR_Consolider CSD2007-00055), Xunta de Galicia (project coordinated by Espina y Delfin S.L. PGIDIT06TAM004) and Ministry of Education of Spain (FPU AP2006-01478). Authors want to thank Mar Orge, Mónica Dosil and Miriam Vieites for their support in the analytical techniquesS

Filamentous bacteria existence in aerobic granular reactors

“The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00449-014-1327-x”Filamentous bacteria are associated to biomass settling problems in wastewater treatment plants. In systems based on aerobic granular biomass they have been proposed to contribute to the initial biomass aggregation process. However, their development on mature aerobic granular systems has not been sufficiently studied. In the present research work, filamentous bacteria were studied for the first time after long-term operation (up to 300 days) of aerobic granular systems. Chloroflexi and Sphaerotilus natans have been observed in a reactor fed with synthetic wastewater. These filamentous bacteria could only come from the inoculated sludge. Thiothrix and Chloroflexi bacteria were observed in aerobic granular biomass treating wastewater from a fish canning industry. Meganema perideroedes was detected in a reactor treating wastewater from a plant processing marine products. As a conclusion,the source of filamentous bacteria in these mature aerobic granular systems fed with industrial effluents was the incoming wastewaterThis work was funded by the Spanish Government through NOVEDAR Consolider (CSD2007-00055) and PLASTICWATER (CTQ2011-22675) projects. The authors belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group GRC 2013-032, programme co-funded by FEDER.S

Greenhouse Gases Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Plants: Minimization, Treatment, and Prevention

The operation of wastewater treatment plants results in direct emissions, from the biological processes, of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), as well as indirect emissions resulting from energy generation. In this study, three possible ways to reduce these emissions are discussed and analyzed: minimization through the change of operational conditions, treatment of the gaseous streams, and prevention by applying new configurations and processes to remove both organic matter and pollutants. In current WWTPs, to modify the operational conditions of existing units reveals itself as possibly the most economical way to decrease N2O and CO2 emissions without deterioration of effluent quality. Nowadays the treatment of the gaseous streams containing the GHG seems to be a not suitable option due to the high capital costs of systems involved to capture and clean them. The change of WWTP configuration by using microalgae or partial nitritation-Anammox processes to remove ammonia from wastewater, instead of conventional nitrification-denitrification processes, can significantly reduce the GHG emissions and the energy consumed. However, the area required in the case of microalgae systems and the current lack of information about stability of partial nitritation-Anammox processes operating in the main stream of the WWTP are factors to be consideredThis work was supported by FONDECYT 1150285 (Chile) and Postdoctoral FONDECYT 3140276 (Chile) and by the Spanish Government through FISHPOL (CTQ2014-55021-R) and GRANDSEA (CTM2014-55397-JIN) projects cofunded by FEDER. The authors A. Pedrouso, A. Val del Río and A. Mosquera-Corral belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group GRC 2013-032, program cofunded by FEDERS